A History of Mathematics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A History of Mathematics - Essay Example His idea used as basis the fact that the Greek mathematicians of his time knew how to square regular polygons. He proposed that if a regular polygon were to be inscribed in a circle, and if the number of sides of the polygon were doubled again and again, the polygon would eventually become indistinguishable from the circle. This solution was still incorrect, because making the polygon coincide with the circle required an infinite number of permutations. The Europeans of the Renaissance, Leonardo da Vinci among them, tried in vain to solve the problem. They did not realize that it was impossible to square a circle using the straight edge and compass method. The Scottish mathematician James Gregory (1638 - 1675) proposed that the ratio of the area of any sector of a circle to that of inscribed or circumscribed regular polygons cannot be expressed with a finite number of terms, thus concluding that squaring the circle is impossible. Ferdinand von Lindemann (1852 - 1939) published in 1882 his proof that pi is not an algebraic, but a transcendental number (not a solution of any polynomial with rational coefficients). This essentially means that there is no way to determine if any physical object or quantity has an exact measure of pi (regardless of the unit system). Because squaring the circle involves the use of pi, Lindemann's proof ended the quest for the plane technique of squaring the circle. Trisecting an Angle Another classic mathematical problem is that of trisecting an angle, again with the restriction of using only an unmarked straight edge and a compass. Although there are certain angles that can be trisected with this method, the problem is to trisect an arbitrary angle. It has been proven that this is impossible. It can be solved, however, without the said restriction. There is no certainty of when this specific problem first arose. It is known that Hippocrates in the 5th century B.C. considered the problem. For centuries the problem of trisecting an angle (using Euclidean constructions) was pondered upon by mathematicians, but these early mathematicians focused on plane methods of trisecting an arbitrary angle, and thus failed. The first known mathematician who worked on the problem was the Greek Hippias (460 - 400 BC). He came up with the curve called the quadratix, which was originally used for squaring the circle, and was also used to solve the problem of angle trisection. Archimedes (287 - 212 BC) came up with a curve, the Archimedean spiral, and also used it to solve the problem. The Greek mathematician Nicomedes (280 - 210 BC) also worked on the problem. He came up with the curve known as the conchoid, and used it for angle trisection. These solutions, however, break the straight-edge-and-compass restriction. It was only in 1837 that it was proven that there is no solution for the original problem of trisecting any angle with only an unmarked straight edge and a compass. The French mathematician Pierre Wantzel proved the impossibility of solving the problem under the straight edge and compass restriction. Antiphon Antiphon was an orator, writer, teacher, and philosopher. He was a contemporary of Socrates. He died, like Socrates, because of political troubles. There

The Euro Crisis in Portugal ( European Union) Essay

The Euro Crisis in Portugal ( European Union) - Essay Example The crisis continued to spread and by the end of the year 2011, two other countries Italy and Spain were affected. By the end of October in the same year, these countries were compelled to pay absolute risk premia on the order of 500 basis points. As a result of this, the public finance structures of both the countries became vulnerable as their sustainability became subjected to risk. During the first half of the year 2012, many bonds reached their maturity date in both Italy and Spain. During this phase, there were both positive and negative possibilities – either the debt crisis could be managed in an efficient manner or further severe repercussions on the global economic structure. In the entire course of the European debt crisis, every effort was taken by the policy makers so that they could provide relief to the money market. However, most of the times it was realized that any strategies that were adopted were either too insufficient or were too late. In the year 2010, t here were many deliberations over the benefits or detriments of monetary assistance or intervention from International Monetary Fund (IMF). As a result of this no fixed solution could be found for the euro debt crisis. In July of 2011, a decision was taken to enhance assistance to the Greek sovereign with permission of involvement from the private to some extent. However, this decision was rejected by another decision made in the late October of the same year. This latter decision â€Å"required much deeper (50 percent) haircuts for private creditors, supplemented by an announced policy intended to build a firewall through major leveraging of the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF)† (Cline & Wolff, 2012, p.v). Subsequently, in the beginning of December the famous summit took place which provided all the member countries of the European Union (EU), except the United Kingdom for its reluctance to participate in the

Business plan for Chinese and Korean food restaurant

Business plan for Chinese and Korean food restaurant 1.0 INTRODUCTION Our shop name Secret Restaurant, we try to mix the Korean food and Chinese food to serve public. The Korean mix Chinese cuisine restaurant is a new idea and concept in Ipoh and not many of these similar kinds has appeared in around Ipoh. So it is new idea and choices that we entrepreneur create and invent so that the publics in Ipoh could enjoyed more choices of food rather than sticking to the old and boring cuisine each and every day. Our mission for this restaurant is to serve better food and cuisine for consumer so that they could enjoy more delicious food. In addition, the consumer could absorb and understand more on the Korean life and cuisine more closely rather than sticking in front of television watching for advertisement. We could know their lifestyle and daily cuisine as well by consuming their favorites food that could be found in our restaurant. So for the vision for our restaurant would be becoming the most successful restaurant inside Ipoh Parade and hopefully, in Ipoh area as well. To wins publics heart in food industry and established as a well known and popular restaurant. Targeting to widen our area by creating our restaurant branches in around Ipoh, as well as Malaysia in the future. 2.0 Body 2.1 THREE TYPES OF SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE SME 1. 222 Restaurants No.222, Restaurant Triple Two, Jalan Pasir Puteh, 31650 Ipoh, Perak. Entrepreneur: Lee Chee Keong There are many difficulties in running a business and there are some of them mentioned by Mr. Lee. Location Mr. Lee tell us, location are a important element for his business, good location can attractive more customer and bring more profit therefore, if choosing a wrong location can make company losing profit and facing failure. Location Mr. Lee choosing is a flourishing place, there have a lot office and factory nearly by shop Mr. Lee. Main customers of Mr. Lee are workers and citizen pasir puteh. Location of Mr. Lee also bring some disadvantage for him too, because the place did not have enough parking place to the customer, sometime because customer cant parking will chose other coffee shop, this element make Mr. Lee lose a lot profit and still cant solve this problem. Timing Mr. Lee tell us, timing element also can make u earn a lot profit, coffee shop Mr. Lee open shop time is morning 6am and closing shop is night 5pm. But he tell us not all the time have customer visit he shop. Just at morning 6am till 8am and afternoon 1pm till 3pm can let him earn more profit, but in the less time he even has the several customer visit he shop. He told us if want open the coffee shop must research the environment in there place first. Timing plays an important role in the business. Tea maker skills and service Tea maker plays an important role in the coffee shop, if tea maker cant make good drink or coffee to the customer, coffee shop Mr. Lee will cant attract the customer coming consume in his coffee shop. Mr. Lee tells us recruitment the good tea maker, salary will higher too. Some time Mr. Lee he no able to recruit more good tea maker again, because this will increase the cost of coffee shop. And he tell us, customer like a good service in the coffee shop, customer dont like employees coffee shop no manner and speak rude. Especially is banker official and female customer. Coffee shop has to keep cleaning, this can let customer feel more comfortable and satisfy. Employees problem / Turn Over Employees problem make Mr. Lee difficult to running his business, because he shop just got 4 part timer waiter and 1 tea maker. Reason Mr. Lee recruitment part timer waiter because can save cost and flexibility control by Mr. Lee. But also of this reason, turnover of coffee shop is higher, part timers of coffee shop always change and Mr. Lee also more difficult to control part timer attitude. And because the higher salary of tea maker, Mr. Lee just can recruit 1 tea maker only, if the tea maker takes sick leave or emergency leave, Mr. Lee will be tea maker by own self. Competitor Mr. Lee have to facing many competitor in the place, in area of jalan pasir puteh except Mr. Lee coffee shop still have 3 coffee shop over there, so Mr. Lee has to provide more good service and delicious food or drink to customer. Competitor of Mr. Lee can let Mr. Lee pressure at all time. SME 2,Onix Jun Sdn.Bhd (Korean restaurant in Ipoh Garden East) 31, Jalan Medan Ipoh 4, Bandar Baru Medan Ipoh, 31400 Ipoh Perak. Manager: Kang Sang Jun There are many difficulties in running a business and there are some of them mentioned by Mr. Kang. High season and Low season Over the year, there are high seasons as well as low seasons since there are many festivals or celebrations to be celebrated such as Chinese New Year, Christmas and etc. And in Malaysia, there are more of celebrations as, Malaysia is a multi-national country. Therefore, not only in Onix Jun but in other restaurants, it would be crowded with customers during the high seasons, which would bring double of the profits compared to normal days. However, during the low season, which the days like ghost festival and etc could be included, people would rather stay at home and cook for themselves instead of coming out to dine. Therefore, proper preparation is required everyday, either during high seasons or low seasons. High turnover of workers Workers are one of the major resources required in running a restaurant. They are basically the face of the restaurant since they are the ones who actually serve, not the chef. However, there are difficulties in this point as well. As the workers are not permanent, there are quite a number of high turnover. I mean, if there are permanent workers in the restaurant, there wouldnt be a problem and no worries about the turnover however, before to have a permanent worker, there are non-permanent workers, as the owner of the restaurant can choose from the non-permanent workers to be one of the permanent workers once the workers desire to stay and work. Such cases as the non-permanent workers like part-timers, they work hard for a month and once they are quite used to working in the restaurant they choose not to work any longer. This is one of the common cases that Onix Jun faces. And to overcome this kind of turnover problem, they came out with an early informing system for the part-timers , to inform the owner before 10 days of quitting so that the owner would still have 10 days to look for someone to replace the worker or to take any action. Customer Complaint Customers are the most important people playing a role in a restaurant of course, there are chefs and waiters and etc playing important roles however, customers bring profit. Sometimes customers do complaint since everyone cannot have the same taste buds or perceptions. In Onix Jun, there are complaints such as comparing. According to Mr. Kang, there are some customers comparing the Korean food with others, such as local, Chinese or even Japanese food. It is quite awkward to compare the food from other country with the others. However to overcome this problem, it is best to convince the customers in a polite way so that they can accept the fact and understand the food and the culture. And also there are complaints such as the taste is different and etc. Some customers who went to Korea for vacation, they seek for the same taste as they tasted in Korea, as mentioned, convincing is the best choice here as well. To tell them that the taste cannot be the same as everyone since people do have different ways to cook even if the final result would be the same. Or to make it as similar as possible as the customer want. Supplier As the last point of the difficulties in running a restaurant, relationships with the suppliers either they supply ingredients or maintenance work or what so ever, the relationship with them is very important as the restaurant need them. It is a problem and there is the delays of any arrival of goods from the supplier, since the work cannot be proceed with the specific good. In order to prevent this, the restaurant should order or tell the supplier what they want earlier like a week before, so that they have enough time to prepare and deliver it in time. When it comes to stocks for the supplier, stocks dont last for good, therefore there are times when the suppliers do run out of goods that the restaurant wants. In case of this, the supplier could tell the restaurant earlier so that the restaurant can take action for that, either to buy it from somewhere else or to replace it with another one. SME 3. NG YOKE YING Stall No.25, Medan Selera Dato Sagor, Jln Dato Sagor 30000 Ipoh Perak I have made an interview to an entrepreneur and owner of a hawker stall, her name is Ng Yoke Ying, she is 53 years old. Her stall is located right behind the City Hall of Ipoh where it also in the middle of the town area. Its a food court that also consist many other stalls and the competition there is strictly tough. She traded is foods and drinks where there is few other stall that trade the same elements. She has the experience of working for the past 10 years. I had used the political, economical, sociological, technological, legal and environmental interview method to interview her and in those methods above I found out that not all the forms could be linked directly to her business. So I would just add in some other elements in the interview. OVERVIEW In this overview, it is an individual ownership. It just that would be her major boasts that wherever there is to be political meetings and gatherings that would attract many publics to that area. Peoples would have their breakfast and lunch at her premise because it would be the nearest the public could obtain foods. Most of the people there enjoyed consuming their meal at the Medan Selera there as there could find variety of foods from different races and specialty. TIMING So in economic view, she runs her business regularly from 5am in the morning till 4pm in the afternoon. She would only off for once a month where the MBI (Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh) the IPOH municipal would have their cleaning process. Her business there faces a tough competition from the other premises as it is a free seating food court where the publics are free to look for their seating. PUBLIC RELATIONS She had a very good relationship with the customers who consume her food and drinks there so that she could remain the long term relations that would attract the public to attend continuously. Discount would be offered to the regular customers because it will create close and caring relations in between. This is important for her to maintain great competitive advantages against the other premises. TOOLS AND APPLIANCES The tool and appliances that requires at her stall are all small and simple. It does not require any big and large and highly technological appliances. It is different with any other large and big premises that requires more appliances as their business area whose wider. She requires a fridge, baked and toast baker, juice maker and an ice blender machine. Its all needed for the serving of juices drinks and to serve toast bread for breakfast from the baker. It all she needed to runs her business there and it simple and easy to handle. LEGAL She obtain her license from the MBI (Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh) which the Ipoh municipal council to own the premises at the Dato Sagor food court. She has to pay rent for the premises once a month in which it only cost for RM100 per month. She is to obtain her SSM license which is the license for the entrepreneur to run business. She did obtain the HALAL license mark because the Medan Selera Dato Sagor is a place which requires non pork and HALAL food only because the popularity for publics there dominated by 90% of Malays and 5% for Chinese and the other 5% for Indians. It is important to gain trust and confidence from the Malays community because it is the community who often visited and it is their main place to enjoyed their meal. ENVIRONMENT The environment for the Medan Selera Dato Sagor there is an excellent and attracting spot for business because it is located in the middle of the town, and it is surrounded by Offices Company, police station, Pos station, railway station, high court, banks, government building and schools. The hottest hour for the active area is from 8am till to the 2pm where breakfast and lunch time takes place. The environment there is absolutely healthy which it is free from any pollutions and disturbance. It is a comfortable area for meals and resting. The garbage side there is being cleaned up each and every day to create a good looking and build confidence and comfortable environment among publics. COMPETITOR There is other premises that trade in the same elements in which is the same with Mrs. Ng stall. There is a free trade area in which others premises are free to trade in any food variety as long as it is HALAL. Alertness and good relations are needed and it would be the compulsory element in order to survive in the food court area. Regular customer in which always turns up to Mrs. Ng stall would be treated more please in order to kept them keep turns up to her stall frequently. New customer who turns up would find it difficult to choose whether which stall to turns up so for early steps Mrs. Ng would herself introduces her stall and lead them towards to gain business. 2.2 Overcome We will open a restaurant in location shopping centre Ipoh Parade. The total of the capital is RM 150,000 then RM 100,000 has given by family and RM 50,000 has given by own. We will serve the Korean and Chinese food. And reason we open the restaurant in shopping centre because it is the place where people frequently visit in Ipoh area, which we could find the hyper mall would be Kinta City/Aeon, Ipoh Parade, Tesco and Tesco Extra. We obtain license from the MBI (Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh) the municipal council of Ipoh and also from the SSM (Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia). This 2 main license must be obtained for newly register entrepreneur before starting their business. In addition, in Ipoh Parade there is no Korean Restaurant yet to be found and it would be a great market to invest in. The reason we do not pick Jaya Jusco is because the rent there is much higher and expensive than Ipoh Parade. The competitor that we could find in Ipoh Parade would be only Sushi King as its would be nearest and more related to Korean Food. So the opening of our Korean Restaurant would attract more and provide more choices to the publics and it will become as attraction to the Ipoh Parade itself. For market itself, we target teenagers and adults because they got the ability to spend on the elements they like and enjoy especially food. For employees, we would hire a chef from Korean and also few chefs from our local who master in Korean food as well as Chinese food. For normal employee like waiter and waitress, we manage those by our ownself for the few starting period until it become population among peoples and financially strong and stable, then only we recruit more employees. In order to attract more customers, we will held some promotions and advertisements so that public could know about our grand opening. On the opening day, we will be giving our voucher and coupon to the customers, offering memberships, and introducing our restaurant packages. We will seek supplier from the local area as it would be more easy and sufficient to our premises and the choice would be Tesco Extra. It is a large industry and trusted among any others in Malaysia. Our vegetables would be delivered straight from the Cameron Highlands because the freshness of the vegetables from there would be guaranteed fresh. For the tools, equipments and furniture, we seek supplier from the local area as well because it well obtain and gain. We will seek opinions from others about the supplier in which is trusted and popular among new entrepreneur. We will seek for materials shop, furniture shop and as well as recruiting designer to decorate and furnish our restaurant so that it is comfortable to attended. Expected Balance Sheet Fixed Assert Furniture Fittings 6000.00 Tools and Equipments 4000.00 Electrical Equipment 3000.00 Computer 1500.00 14,500.00 Current Assert Bank 5000.00 Cash in Hand 1000.00 Deposit 1750.00 - 7750.00 - Current Liabilities Trade Creditor 9000.00 - 9000.00 Net Current Asserts ( 1250.00 ) 13250.00 =============== Financed By Capital Capital 150,000.00 Profit Loss Account ( 136,750.00 ) 13250.00 =================== 3.0 CONCLUSION For our expected balance sheet, we can know we can earn profit more than RM 10,000 per month, we will planning again and try extend our business in future. If the profit mention by us is correct, in future we can recruitment more employees and upgrade the shop. We also trying achieve our mission and vision, and create more creative idea and attractive promotion. So for an entrepreneur like us, we tend to create with more ideas and outcome so that our premises could established tough and strongly. We be targeting in the future to opens up more branches all around our country. Our motto is Serve Well and Enjoyed Well.

Morality Essay examples -- essays research papers

Morality is a hard term to define and decipher because there are so many things that have to be taken into account. If you line up a group of ten people and bring up a morality issue, you will mostly likely get different answers. People all over the world have many different beliefs and are raised to stand by those beliefs. Abortion is one of the hot topics in our country and a big moral issue. There are people who believe abortion is murder and completely, morally wrong. Then there are other people who believe that it isn’t wrong and it isn’t murder. Which one of these groups of people is right? Neither. The definition of morality is descriptively to refer to a code of conduct put forward by a society, or some other group, such as a religion or accepted by an individual for their own behavior. Neither of the beliefs about abortion are right or wrong because morality is a code of conduct and no one person can be told to believe in that conduct. Religion also plays a bi g role in morals and by living in the United States; everyone has the right to freedom of religion. But then there are also people who do not believe in religion. We, as citizens of the United States have the right to believe what we want, have our own morals and defend those morals and beliefs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abortion, stem cell research and cloning are examples of moral issues that are scientific and human beings control them. Whatever your belief on any of those afore mentioned topics, they c...

Most important Invention: The Computer Essay

When we think about technology mostly the first thing that comes to my mind is the image of a computer. Technological advancements such as computer have been designed to help humans and make the lives easy. In fact, computer is the Most important Invention because they can display and let you manipulate save information, and it is used in almost all fields . First of all computer have multi-tasking features that can minimize the work you have to do. The cheapest computer has at least the basic tasks such as mathematic that help you when you need to doing something in short time . For example, the only thing you must do is to type the information needed and it’s done. Secondly, computer can display and let you manipulate save information. You don’t need to use paper to save any information on shelves . You can have as many files as you can in a computer and organize them the way you like it without having to use any space. Finally, computer is used in almost all fields such as education, and any type of job. For example, you can use computers to play videogames, watch movies, listen to music and chat on the internet. So, computer is the most important Invention because you done the work in short time consumption on the activities, you can save the information and edit it anytime, and they let you do almost anything you need. Computer is tool of communication, and tool of education that can save money and time . You can have all the information in one place and dispose of it at the moment you need.

Diseconomies of Scale Essay

Diseconomies of scale occur when a firm increases its output and the cost of the long run production of this output also increases. Diseconomies of scale occur when a firm is very big to bring about coordination problems and increasing input costs. This occurs because of two main reasons: coordination problems and the increasing input costs. Coordination problems can be broken down to several issues. And this problem is usually due to the number of employees in a firm. One of the issues with coordination is communication.Upon increasing the number of employees in a firm for the purpose of increasing output, the channels for communication (i.e. telephone lines, cost of having internet connection for further information dissemination, etc) also increases. This is so since ratio of the number of employees and the communication channels is not 1:1. This means an increase in cost. So in the long run, having more people becomes not viable already since it now causes coordination problem th rough communication cost, thus increasing in production cost in general. Another issue with having a lot of people in a firm is that the firm’s response time becomes slower. This can also be connected to the communication problem that I discussed above.This is so since, having a lot of people implies the need for bureaucracy. With bureaucracy, come standard operating procedures, policies to be followed, roles and division of responsibilities, and hierarchies. Consider a policy which reduces the company’s daily cost from 1000USD to 500USD. Before it can be approved, it has to go through a lot, thus causing a slower response time for a very urgent need. Because of the bureaucracy that is needed for coordinating a large number of people, the longer the delay of approving this policy; and the longer the company delays producing twice the output for the same input cost.Increasing input costs can also be broken down to several issues. One issue with the increasing input cost s is that when the firm gets so big, one department might be working with the same projects as with other departments. This means that the firm is producing or profiting from a single project and is paying for twice the number of employees who can actually finish the job. Another issue with increasing input costs is that having a lot of people to do the job needs managers to coordinate them.Having more managers means paying more for employees who does not actually contribute to the production and is only there to supervise the people. So let’s say that there are five employees, paid 10USD, that need one manager, paid 20USD, to supervise them. The manager is getting 28. 6% of the over-all salary, but the company which pays for 70USD over all is only producing 83. 3% since only 5 out of 6 people are actually working. So, having a lot of people means getting a lot of managers which leaves lesser people who actually does the production.

The Graps Of Wrath essays

The Graps Of Wrath essays The Joad's Journey in The Grapes of Wrath Throughout history man has made many journeys, both far and wide. Moses great march through the Red Sea and Columbus's traversing the Atlantic are examples of only a couple of mens great voyages. Even today, great journeys are being made. Terry Fox's run across Canada while fighting cancer is one of these such journeys. In every one of these instances people have had to rise above themselves and overcome immense odds, similar to a salmon swimming upstream to full fill it's life line. Intense drive and extreme fortitude are qualities they needed to posses during their travels. In The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck illustrates the Joads endurance by his use of extended metaphors in intercalary chapters. Steinbeck uses intercalary chapters to provide background for the various themes in the novel. He effectively foreshadows upcoming events by telling of the general state of the local population in the intercalary chapters. He then narrows it down to how it effects the main characters of the novel, which are the Joads. Setting the tone of the novel in the readers mind is another function of Steinbeck's intercalary chapters. In chapter three, Steinbeck immaculately describes the long, tedious journey of a land turtle across a desolate highway. From the onset of his journey, the turtle encounters many setbacks. Along the way ants, hills, and oak seeds hinder him under his shell. The turtles determination to reach his destination is most apparent when a truck driven by a young man swerves to hit the turtle. The turtle's shell is clipped and he goes flying off the highway, but the turtle doesn't stop. He struggles back to his belly and keeps driving toward his goal, just as the Joads keep driving toward their goal. Much like the turtle from chapter three, the Joads had to face many great hardships in their travels. The planes of Oklahoma, with their harsh summer w...

Traducir Conjugation in Spanish, Translations, and Examples

Traducir Conjugation in Spanish, Translations, and Examples The irregular verb traducir usually means to translate, although it can also mean to explain or to change one thing (not just a language) to another. Below youll find tables with the complete  traducir  conjugation. How to Conjugate Traducir?   Traducir conjugates in two ways that are different from regular -ir verbs: When the second syllable is stressed and -duc- is followed by an a or o, -duc- becomes -duzc-.When the second syllable is stressed and -duc- is followed by an e or i, -duc- becomes -duj-. The tenses  that are irregular are the present indicative, the preterite indicative, the present subjunctive, and the imperfect subjunctive. The other indicative tenses (imperfect, conditional, and conditional) are regular, as are the imperative mood (commands), the gerund, and the past participle. All other verbs ending in -ducir also follow this pattern. There are about a dozen such verbs, the most common being conducir (to drive or conduct), inducir (to induce), introducir (to insert or introduce), reducir (to reduce), reproducir (to reproduce), and seducir (to tempt). Present Indicative Tense of Traducir Yo traduzco I translate Yo traduzco libros infantiles. T traduces You translate T traduces el documento para tus amigos. Usted/l/ella traduce You/he/she translates Ella traduce los trminos tcnicos. Nosotros traducimos We translate Nosotros traducimos las noticias del espaol al ingls. Vosotros traducs You translate Vosotros traducs los discursos al lenguaje de seas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas traducen You/they translate Ellos traducen las instrucciones. Traducir Preterite The preterite is one of the two simple past tenses of Spanish. Its use is similar to the simple past tense in  English and is typically used for actions that had a clear end. Yo traduje I translated Yo traduje libros infantiles. T tradujiste You translated T tradujiste el documento para tus amigos. Usted/l/ella tradujo You/he/she translated Ella tradujo los trminos tcnicos. Nosotros tradujimos We translated Nosotros tradujimos las noticias del espaol al ingls. Vosotros tradujisteis You translated Vosotros tradujisteis los discursos al lenguaje de seas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas tradujeron You/they translated Ellos tradujeron las instrucciones. Imperfect Indicative Form of Traducir The  imperfect tense  is Spanishs second simple past tense. It doesnt have a direct equivalent in English, although it is used in ways similar to used to verb or was/were verb -ing. Yo traduca I was translating Yo traduca libros infantiles. T traducas You were translating T traducas el documento para tus amigos. Usted/l/ella traduca You/he/she was translating Ella traduca los trminos tcnicos. Nosotros traducamos We were translating Nosotros traducamos las noticias del espaol al ingls. Vosotros traducais You were translating Vosotros traducais los discursos al lenguaje de seas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas traducan You/they were translating Ellos traducan las instrucciones. Traducir Future Tense The simple future of Spanish is similar to the will verb form of English. Yo traducir I will translate Yo traducir libros infantiles. T traducirs You will translate T traducirs el documento para tus amigos. Usted/l/ella traducir You/he/she will translate Ella traducir los trminos tcnicos. Nosotros traduciremos We will translate Nosotros traduciremos las noticias del espaol al ingls. Vosotros traduciris You will translate Vosotros traduciris los discursos al lenguaje de seas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas traducirn You/they will translate Ellos traducirn las instrucciones. Periphrastic Future of Traducir The periphrastic future in Spanish works like it does in English. A conjugated form of ir, the verb for to go, is followed by the infinitive. Yo voy a traducir I am going to translate Voy a traducir libros infantiles. T vas a traducir You are going to translate T vas a traducir el documento para tus amigos. Usted/l/ella va a traducir You/he/she is going to translate Ella va a traducir los trminos tcnicos. Nosotros vamos a traducir We are going to translate Nosotros vamos a traducir las noticias del espaol al ingls. Vosotros vais a traducir You are going to translate Vosotros vais a traducir los discursos al lenguaje de seas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a traducir You/they are going to translate Ellos van a traducir las instrucciones. Present Progressive/Gerund Form of Traducir The Spanish gerund is also known as the present participle. It is used in compound verbs to form the progressive or continuous tenses. Gerund of Traducir traduciendo Is translating Ella est traduciendo los tà ©rminos tà ©cnicos. Past Participle of Traducir Past participles can be used to form the perfect tenses. They can also function as adjectives. Thus un libro traducido is a translated book. Participle of Traducir traducido Has translated Ella ha traducido los tà ©rminos tà ©cnicos. Conditional Form of Traducir Yo traducira I would translate Yo traducira libros infantiles si hablara francs. T traduciras You would translate T traduciras el documento para tus amigos si estuvieras aqu. Usted/l/ella traducira You/he/she would translate Ella traducira los trminos tcnicos si los entendiera. Nosotros traduciramos We would translate Nosotros traduciramos las noticias del espaol al ingls si hubiera algo nuevo. Vosotros traducirais You would translate Vosotros traducirais los discursos al lenguaje de seas si funcionaran las pantallas. Ustedes/ellos/ellas traduciran You/they would translate Ellos traduciran las instrucciones si las comprendieran. Present Subjunctive of Traducir Que yo traduzca That I translate Santiago espera que yo traduzca libros infantiles. Que t traduzcas That you translate Me alegra que t traduzcas el documento para tus amigos. Que usted/l/ella traduzca That you/he/she translate Pablo quiere que ella traduzca los trminos tcnicos. Que nosotros traduzcamos That we translate Es importante que nosotros traduzcamos las noticias del espaol al ingls. Que vosotros traduzcis That you translate Mara quiere que vosotros traduzcis los discursos al lenguaje de seas. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas traduzcan That you/they translate Alejandro prefiere que ellos traduzcan las instrucciones. Imperfect Subjunctive Form of Traducir Either one of the verb forms shown below can be used for the imperfect or past subjunctive, although the first is more common. Option 1 Que yo tradujera That I translated Santiago esperaba que yo tradujera libros infantiles. Que t tradujeras That you translated Me alegr que t tradujeras el documento para tus amigos. Que usted/l/ella tradujera That you/he/she translated Pablo quera que ella tradujera los trminos tcnicos. Que nosotros tradujramos That we translated Era importante que nosotros tradujramos las noticias del espaol al ingls. Que vosotros tradujerais That you translated Mara quera que vosotros tradujerais los discursos al lenguaje de seas. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas tradujeran That you/they translated Alejandro prefera que ellos tradujeran las instrucciones. Option 2 Que yo tradujese That I translated Santiago esperaba que yo tradujese libros infantiles. Que t tradujeses That you translated Me alegr que t tradujeses el documento para tus amigos. Que usted/l/ella tradujese That you/he/she translated Pablo quera que ella tradujese los trminos tcnicos. Que nosotros tradujsemos That we translated Era importante que nosotros tradujsemos las noticias del espaol al ingls. Que vosotros tradujeseis That you translated Mara quera que vosotros tradujeseis los discursos al lenguaje de seas. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas tradujesen That you/they translated Alejandro prefera que ellos tradujesen las instrucciones. Imperative Forms of Traducir Imperative (Positive Command) T traduce Translate! Traduce el documento para tus amigos! Usted traduzca Translate! Traduzca los trminos tcnicos! Nosotros traduzcamos Lets translate! Traduzcamos las noticias del espaol al ingls! Vosotros traducid Translate! Traducid los discursos al lenguaje de seas! Ustedes traduzcan Translate! Traduzcan las instrucciones! Imperative (Negative Command) T no traduzcas Dont translate! No traduzcas el documento para tus amigos! Usted no traduzca Dont translate! No traduzca los trminos tcnicos! Nosotros no traduzcamos Lets not translate! No traduzcamos las noticias del espaol al ingls! Vosotros no traduzcis Dont translate! No traduzcis los discursos al lenguaje de seas! Ustedes no traduzcan Dont translate! No traduzcan las instrucciones!

23 Uplifting Things to Do on Thanksgiving Day You Must Try This Year

23 Uplifting Things to Do on Thanksgiving Day You Must Try This Year Thanksgiving is one of the most bright and cheerful holidays of the year, a day to spend with your family and friends and get together for a tasty meal and peaceful evening. Here are some things to do on the Thanksgiving day to make it memorable and fun. Celebrating With Your Family For many families, Thanksgiving weekend is a chance to enjoy rare meetings and festive mood. 1. Cook a dinner. Cooking a dinner with your family is a touchy and precious moment for you and your family to remember. Its also a great way to show your gratitude and lend a helping hand to the hostess. 2. Watch Thanksgiving Day Parade. Parades are held in many cities and watching them on TV or in real life makes this day really special and festive. 3. Play sports. There are multiple health benefits of spending time with your relatives outdoors. Sports activities are useful in particular considering a full course dinner ahead. Tennis, basketball or frisbee are great activities for big families. 4. Watch an old movie. Thanksgiving is a great opportunity to sit altogether by the TV. Your family may choose a movie to watch annually and make it a good family tradition. 5. Look through family photos. Make this holiday a little bit nostalgic: your elder family members will enjoy that. Some of your family members could even start asking you awkward questions about your life in college. 6. Decorate the table. Dont forget about fancy napkins and candles! Beautiful decorations will set up the mood for tasty dinner. 7. Take a trip to the countryside. Living in a big city might be stressful so spending a weekend in the countryside is a relaxing and healing way to celebrate. 8. Make a wish by breaking wishbone. While carving a turkey take out a wishbone and let it dry. After the dinner, two family members pull at it and the winner makes a wish. 9. Participate in Turkey trot race. Burn up some calories before the big dinner and also raise some money for low-income families. Celebrating With Your Friends Friendsgiving Being away from home doesnt mean that Thanksgiving is canceled. Make it into Friendsgiving which tends to gain popularity through last years. Even with poor cooking skills, you can still throw an amazing party and even set up a new tradition among your friends. 1. Play video and board games. Entertainment is an important part of the holiday. So dont forget to prepare the list of games you and your friends will enjoy. Apples to Apples, Jenga, Clue are not taking too much time to play as Monopoly so are a better choice for a fun evening. 2. Watch annual football game. If you and your friends enjoy sports, its a good idea to watch a sports channel together and cheer for your favorite team. 3. Watch the best episodes of favorite sitcoms. Share the episodes you enjoy the most with your friends. Holiday-themed episodes will fit the most. 4. Set up a picnic. If the weather is fine and you dont want to stay inside, go ahead and pack for a picnic in the nearest park or wood. Fresh air and the beauty of fall weather are great for active games and sincere conversations. 5. Ride bikes in a park. Fast and active ride in a park can easily burn off calories you’ve consumed this holiday weekend and also set up a good mood for the rest of the day. 6. Pajamas party. Its more untraditional way to celebrate Thanksgiving but definitely a fun one. Cozy pajamas, chilling music and tasty snacks among holiday lights will create a relaxed holiday mood. Sounds nice, doesnt it? However, there are even more party ideas for students to celebrate Thanksgiving Day. 7. Play football. Team active sports are great before big festive meals. Football is a traditional game for this holiday and it is fun to watch for those, who choose not to participate. Celebrating on Your Own Dont be depressed if you are celebrating this day without guests. Make it a real holiday for yourself and do what makes you happy. 1. Take a good nap. Thanksgiving weekend is a wonderful time to shake off stress from studying and working the whole year. So take a time to relax and get a good rest. 2. Take popcorn and watch a favorite movie. Is it Scream or Batman? Grab a big bowl of popcorn and turn on your favorite movie or sitcom. 3. Take a long walk or ride. Sometimes you really need to fresh up your thoughts and walking in the fresh air is a way to do it. And its a great cardio exercise. 4. Prepare for Black Friday. If you are about to go shopping on a Black Friday, make a list of things to buy and shops to visit the next day. This will help you to concentrate on things you really need and not to be distracted on sales. 5. Volunteer. Your local churches or homeless shelters may need some help, especially at this time of the year. You can help with cooking and serving a meal or donate redundant clothes to charity. By the way, did you know how many benefits you get from volunteering? 6. Make a thankful list. This is more than just a good tradition but the way to concentrate on aspects of the past and stay positive for the future. So go ahead and make a list of things that have brought you happiness this year and what you are thankful for. 7. Watch Thanksgiving documentary. There are plenty of amazing historical movies about pilgrims and origin of Thanksgiving Day which you will find interesting. Enjoy your Thanksgiving and don’t forget to give your thanks!

Interest Rate SWAPS Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interest Rate SWAPS - Literature review Example According to Pelsser (2000) the market related to derivative securities has been stated to be perceived similar to an insurance market in relation to the considered financial risks. The rapid rate of globalisation in terms of the capital markets has resulted in a significant rise in the level of volatility related to interest rate across the globe. Numerous companies displayed a preference in favour of purchasing insurance in opposition to the rising improbability and instability with regard to the market linked to interest rate. Owing to this particular rationale, the market related to interest rate derivatives witnessed a sharp rise and development during the past two decades (Crotty & North Carolina State University, 2006). It was stated by Whaley (2006) that interest rate derivatives are referred to those kind of derivatives which are supposed to make available the pay-offs that are ascertained by the way of alterations that takes place in the interest rates. The similar derivati ve products that were made use of with the intention to handle and deal with the risks related to foreign exchange were found to posses the competence of managing the risks related to interest rates as well (Kohn, 1990). The popular form of derivative product that was found to be used in this context was the interest rate swaps. ... The advantage of tailoring or modifying the risks associated with interest rates in accordance with the requirements of a particular risk manager was attributed to be the major cause behind its popularity. Interest rate swaps have been recognised to be the most extensively applied form of interest rate derivative (Grant & Marshall, 1997; Bodnar & et. al., 1995; Moffet & Karlsen, 1994). Interest rate swap has been stated to be quite an effectual instrument. It is competent of being structured at quite a decreased degree of cost and is also supposed to be less pricey in comparison to a fresh loan with a fixed rate (Schaeffer & Ludwig, 1993). According to Coyle (2001), the concept of interest rate swap is referred to the swap over of payment of interests based on a theoretical amount with regard to the principal. In such instances, one particular party is believed to disburse a preset interest rate with regard to the principal amount for the duration in relation to the swap. Similarly, the other involved party continues disbursing a floating interest rate which is attuned or rather periodically altered. The notion of interest rate has been explained as the sum of money or funds that is assured to be paid by a particular borrower to the concerned lender. The usage or the execution of an interest rate is learnt to be dependent on the degree of relative credit risk as it is believed that the more the expected degree of credit risk, the rate of interest that is assured by the specific borrower also soars and gets increased in relation to it. The interest rate swap is considered to be quite popular and has been stated to be amongst the chief

Electronic Displays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Electronic Displays - Essay Example Electronic paper is a more recent electronic display technology (Facchetti and Marks 2010, p213). Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) CRT is a vacuum tube that uses a hot filament to produce electrostatic, magnetic fields, and thermo-electrons to â€Å"focus the electrons into a beam attracted to the high voltage anode which is the phosphor emit luminous radiation† (Maxim Integrated Products 2002, p1). Color CRTs generally utilize three electron sources or guns to target blue, green, and red phosphor prototypes to the screen. Electro-Luminescent Display (ELD) EL display is a solid-state display that uses phosphor to discharge light or a beam in the presence of an electric field. Phosphors utilized are generally green or yellow-orange (Maxim Integrated Products 2002, p1). Flip-Dot Display Each pixel is composed of a hinged disk. The disk is characterized by a reflective or a fluorescent (lit) on one side and a matt black on the other side (unlit). Various methods are used to flip the disk. One technique balances the disk around the electromagnetic soft iron framework. The winding is strengthened to attract the disk towards either of the sides. The remanent magnetism grasps the position and thus, only a small amount of energy (power pulse) is needed to flip the pixel. Incandescent Display (Light Bulb) A tungsten filament (which is coated) is run white hot in the vacuum. The filament generates both infrared (heat) and visible light. Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) LCD utilizes the liquid crystals properties in an electric field to direct light from the opposite polarized back and front display plates. The liquid crystal functions as a helical director to direct the light or beam through 90 degrees from one plate to the other plate. It is important to note that the liquid crystal acts as a director only when the driver gives the correct electric field (Maxim Integrated Products 2002, p2). Light Emitting Diode (LED) LED is a photon generating semiconductor, which generates l ight due to the effect of injection electroluminescence. The emitted light wavelength varies primarily because of the semiconductor material chosen and it is generally in infrared or a visible spectrum. Organic LEDs (OLED) Polymer LEDs (PLED) These forms of display utilize organic electroluminescent materials placed on flexible or a glass substrate. OLEDs are devices dependent on small organic polymer molecules and PLEDs are devices based on the large organic polymer molecules. Light is emitted through injection electroluminescence just like LEDs. The â€Å"choice of organic material sets the emission color OLED pixels are capacitive (tens to hundreds of pictofarads) leading to significant switching losses for large displays with high multiplex ratios† (Maxim Integrated Products 2002, p3). Glow Discharge (Plasma) Indicators (Nixie) Inert gas within a tube (the tube is composed of two electrodes under high voltage) is ionized permitting current to emerge around the cathode. Wh en the tube is driven from an alternating current (AC) source such as a neon indicator, the glow discharge emerges from both electrodes. Sophisticated displays utilize either multiple cathodes designed as complete numerals (each lit at a time) or segments (a character

Shearwater adventures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Shearwater adventures - Essay Example Rival Sellers: Although Shearwater Adventure has differentiated itself from its rivals by offering a wide product range, the company still faces threats because the competition can either increase its product line or devise new adventures or copy those offered by Shearwater. and thus increase its sales and market share. The rivalry intensifies as new competition enters the market with low priced products and offering good deals compared to the existing ones. In addition to this, the competitors in the adventure industry are now trying to build strong dealer networks with the African local companies in order to increase their credibility, which is also a means of promotion and advertising. The practice of increase repeat bookings from the customers is spreading like fire among the competitors who try different tactics and methods to achieve this. New Entrants: Opening an adventure company in countries like South Africa, where Shearwater Adventure is currently operating, is very easy as compared to the setting up in United States due to high permit costs. In addition to this, the new entrants who focus on rafting trips have to endure a cost as low as $20,000 and if the company wants to offer all the services than the cost could be as high as $200,000. New companies would be encouraged to enter the market by seeing a double digit growth of few companies. Substitute Products: The companies in the industry are providing more or less the same the adventure products. Shearwater Adventure has tried to differentiate itself by providing more choices in the sports than any other company. Although at-least 40 extreme sports exist in the industry, it is difficult to provide them all depending on the location of the company. A company providing water sport activities will try to attract customers by positioning itself as better than land activities. In order to predict the future demand, the companies should link up

Essay 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Essay 2 - Assignment Example Currently, I still do recall the numerous stories told to me every night by my parents, as I grew up. For instance, I remember when my father, while sitting on his large recliner chair used to read a number of books to me. One book I can remember is ‘The Lord of Rings’ that I enjoyed and was ever ready to hear more and more every time he read to me. My earliest remembrance of learning how to read is that I only liked to hear stories read to me by other people such as my parents or teachers but I did not like the idea of reading loudly on my own. Every time my mother told me to read to her, I used to cry feeling that it was not fair to for me to read. However, later on I changed my attitude on realising that it was important for me to know how to read to be able to read for myself. The first storybooks that I read when at school were those of Roger Red Hat, as the themes and storyline was properly presented and developed. After developing deep desire of reading, my favourite book was the ‘Fantastic Mr. Fox’ written by Ronald Dahl because of the manner it provides good description of the food, golden cider and the luscious chicken. Until now, I like flicking though the story just because it is that which kept me very entertained during my early times. The most important benefit of mastering literacy in the early elementary grades, as pointed by Torgesen et al. (2007) is that it will enable student to gain knowledge and skills to read grade level manuscript confidently and with significant comprehension. Comprehension is a very complicated skill requiring skills in reading the text precisely and confidently. It requires enough backdrop knowledge as well as vocabulary to be able to understand the content well. It also requires the ability of thinking and reasoning about the concepts and the overall information to make the appropriate judgments. Moreover, motivation for understanding as well as learning from the information contained in

Internal Software Audits are more effective than External Software Article

Internal Software Audits are more effective than External Software Audits - Article Example One of the major reasons behind this may be because today almost all the companies are aware of risk factors involved in the core functionalities. A software audit is a process of conducting elaborative and detailed examination of each and every activity with in the purview of policies followed in the organisation. It not only includes the identification of core business areas as well as the tools and technologies used for those functions, the validity of those technologies that is their licences and number of licenses for particular software package. Therefore regular and timely audits are the great requirement of all the organization as it controls the occurrences of failures or frauds and helps in managing the risks. Thus software audits also helps in assuring the quality of the product whether it fulfils the requirement of customer or not. But they are not at all related to source code audits. All these factors demand that there must be some quantitative and qualitative way to check the quality of the software and software audits help tremendously in achieving this objective. Broadly there are following two different types of audits, which can be further sub, divided into sub categories. In first party quality audits, coalescence to the documented and acknowledged quality systems is scrutinized. Broadly speaking it is a type of internal audit, which proves the correct functionality of quality management system in an organisation. The first party audit is accomplished within the purview of an organisation with the core objective of measuring its potency and frailty against the strategies and methodologies followed by the organisation, against the external standards obligatory on the organisation. The organisation may recruit auditors, who don't have their benefits resides, for conducting such type of audits. According to the quality and environment audit standard ISO 19011 independence of audit team from the activities being audited is considered and conflicts of interest should be avoided when selecting the audit team members. Outsourcing an audit program to some other equally capable company saves the time of internal employees and they can do their day-to-day acti vities efficiently and effectively. Moreover auditors are more objective and impartial and organisation may benefit from the experiences of auditors. They also help the organisation in formulating new policies, procedures, and practices and revise the existing ones. Internal auditors often help in executing other activities like merger, acquisition, and transition etc of an organisation. Thus they help the top management to adjudge preserve and regulate that include suitable documentation and audit trails during the organisation's acquisition planning and implementation processes. An effective external audit function endow the board of directors and management with: Feasible certainty about the efficacy of internal control, accuracy and completeness of all the activities of an organisation An independent and objective view of a organisation's activities Information useful to directors and management in maintaining an organisation's risk management processes. The objective of recruiting

Urban Education Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Urban Education Policy - Essay Example It further recommended for equal funding between wealthiest and poor district schools so as to improve quality of education in the state irrespective of social and economic status. The court ordered provision of adequate education to children from these areas through implementation of certain reforms and standard education with parity support. Question 1: How would Anyon, Ravitch, and Tyack and Cuban analyze the limits and possibilities of Abbott at reducing the achievement gaps? Basically, Abbott aimed at reducing achievement gap that exists between children from wealthier districts and those from poorer or less privileged districts. Main argument of Abbott is provision of equal funding for the schools irrespective of economic or social status of the respective schools’ location. Abbott advocates for equal education provision. However, analysts such as Anyon, Ravitech, Cuban and Tyack found out certain limitations that might not effectively allow for effective implementation of the Abbott recommendations and narrowing of the achievement gap between less privileged or poor students and the wealthy or fortunate students in New Jersey State (Abbott and Burke, 1990, p 37). ... This can be achieved, but cannot adequately assist in closing the achievement gap to a greater extent. According to Anyon (2005, p 73), provision of equal funding and learning materials might not adequately close the existing achievement gap in the state. Furthermore, the author argues that this should be coupled with family support. According to Tyack and Cuban (1995, p 67), family support has a great impact in increasing chances of students achieving success in their education. Furthermore, Cuban and Tyack argue that the basic cause of achievement gap in education is the prevailing poverty levels in the urban areas. Therefore, educational policies ought to address the prevailing poverty levels in the urban areas to effectively close the achievement gap. This is because poverty greatly contributes to underdevelopment of students and minimizes their chances of achieving success in education. In urban setting, there are low-resourced and high-resourced learning institutions. This has led to differentials in cost of learning depending on the available resources in respective schools or learning institutions (Tyack and Cuban, 1995, p 92). Less privileged students may easily afford low-resourced institutions leading to the achievement gap. Furthermore, family income also assists in shaping behavior of individual student and attitude towards life and achievement. Privileged students’ perceptions are most likely to be positive leading to positive behavior in school too. This increases their achievement chances as opposed to those from less privileged families who have negative attitude leading to less chances of succeeding in studies. The author also argues that changes ought to be made in several areas for the

Internal Software Audits are more effective than External Software Article

Internal Software Audits are more effective than External Software Audits - Article Example One of the major reasons behind this may be because today almost all the companies are aware of risk factors involved in the core functionalities. A software audit is a process of conducting elaborative and detailed examination of each and every activity with in the purview of policies followed in the organisation. It not only includes the identification of core business areas as well as the tools and technologies used for those functions, the validity of those technologies that is their licences and number of licenses for particular software package. Therefore regular and timely audits are the great requirement of all the organization as it controls the occurrences of failures or frauds and helps in managing the risks. Thus software audits also helps in assuring the quality of the product whether it fulfils the requirement of customer or not. But they are not at all related to source code audits. All these factors demand that there must be some quantitative and qualitative way to check the quality of the software and software audits help tremendously in achieving this objective. Broadly there are following two different types of audits, which can be further sub, divided into sub categories. In first party quality audits, coalescence to the documented and acknowledged quality systems is scrutinized. Broadly speaking it is a type of internal audit, which proves the correct functionality of quality management system in an organisation. The first party audit is accomplished within the purview of an organisation with the core objective of measuring its potency and frailty against the strategies and methodologies followed by the organisation, against the external standards obligatory on the organisation. The organisation may recruit auditors, who don't have their benefits resides, for conducting such type of audits. According to the quality and environment audit standard ISO 19011 independence of audit team from the activities being audited is considered and conflicts of interest should be avoided when selecting the audit team members. Outsourcing an audit program to some other equally capable company saves the time of internal employees and they can do their day-to-day acti vities efficiently and effectively. Moreover auditors are more objective and impartial and organisation may benefit from the experiences of auditors. They also help the organisation in formulating new policies, procedures, and practices and revise the existing ones. Internal auditors often help in executing other activities like merger, acquisition, and transition etc of an organisation. Thus they help the top management to adjudge preserve and regulate that include suitable documentation and audit trails during the organisation's acquisition planning and implementation processes. An effective external audit function endow the board of directors and management with: Feasible certainty about the efficacy of internal control, accuracy and completeness of all the activities of an organisation An independent and objective view of a organisation's activities Information useful to directors and management in maintaining an organisation's risk management processes. The objective of recruiting

Maintaining Systems & Upgrades Essay Example for Free

Maintaining Systems Upgrades Essay Utility software are computer programs designed to manage and tune up the computer OS and hardware. They prevent or reduce problems by diagnosing and correcting the faults before it gets worse. Some of the main utility programs are described below: Disk De-Fragmenter A de-fragmenter scans for fragmented computer files and move them together to increase efficiency. It reduces the amount of fragmented files in a computer system. It tidies up the hard-drive reusing the space more efficiently after a disk cleanup. Defragmentation’s result will be the best if it’s carried out after a disk cleanup, as all the unwanted files will be deleted. The application can be loaded from the control panel or from All programs/Accessories/System Utilities from the Start Menu. Clicking on the Analyse button on the application window shows the estimated disk usage after defragmentation. We can then choose to defragment the disk by clicking on the Defragment button. Screen shots of the defragmentation process are displayed below: image00. png image01. png The screen shot above shows the result of the process. Antivirus Antivirus software prevents and removes Viruses, Worms and Trojans from the computer. Most of the antivirus software comes with built in spyware, adware and malware removal tools. Antivirus software uses different methods to detect viruses; Signature based detection, Malicious activity detection and Heuristic based detection. Signature based detection is the most common way of antivirus and other malware detection. The software traces the virus by spotting the signature. The software manufactures collect profiles and signature information of the virus in the form of DAT files. These files will be downloaded by the antivirus software through updates and will be used to detect new malwares. This makes it essential to keep the antivirus software up-to-date and to run virus scans periodically. Firewall Firewall is a utility designed to prevent unauthorised access to from a private network. It prevents unauthorised internet users from accessing private networks connected to the internet. All the packet data entering and leaving the computer is examined when it passes through the firewall and will be blocked if the packet data do not meet the security criteria. Firewalls build a protective environment around computers that are connected to a network. Firewall uses four different types of techniques to block unauthorised access. They are: Packet Filter : Packet filter scans each packet of data entering or leaving a network and block them if they are not based on the user-defined rules. This kind of filtering is an effective method to prevent unauthorised access. Application Gateway : Application gateway applies security measures to applications like FTP and Telnet Servers. This is another effective firewall technique, but it really affects the performance of the network. Circuit-Level Gateway: Circuit-level Gateway applies mechanisms when a TCP connection is established. Once the connection is made packets can flow between hosts without further checking. Proxy Server : This technique is used to intercept all messages entering and leaving the network. The proxy server hides the real network address. Formatting Formatting is the process of preparing a hard disk or a storage medium to store data. Formatting a disk involves two major process: High Level formatting and Low Level formatting. Physical formatting(low-level) Low-level formatting is the process of outlining the position of tracks and sector on hard-drives and other storage media. All the data in a drive will be lost permanently after a low-level formatting is done. A low-level formatting is generally done by the BIOS rather than the Operating System. Logical formatting (high-level) High-level formatting is the process of setting up an empty file system on the disk and installing a boot sector. As this process takes only a little time it is commonly known as Quick Format. In this process the disk also have the option to scan the entire disk for potential defects which may take several hours depending on the size of the medium. Below is a screen shot of a Quick Formatting.image02. png Disk Cleanup The Disk Cleanup tool helps to free up space on the hard disk by searching disk for files that can safely delete. You can choose to delete some or all of the files. Disk cleanup tool can be used to perform the following task to free up space in a hard-drive. Remove temporary Internet files. Remove downloaded program files. For example, ActiveX controls and Java applets that are downloaded from the Internet. Empty the Recycle Bin. Remove Windows temporary files. Remove optional Windows components that you are not using. Remove installed programs that you no longer use.

The Structure and Use of 3D Models

The Structure and Use of 3D Models Guide showing the structure and use of 3D Models Topic 1 Structure of 3D models 3D coordinate systems Explain There are two types of coordinate systems that are commonly used in 3D graphics, either left or right handed, in both coordinate systems both the positive X and Y axis are the same with the Z axis being the only main difference. Analyse World The world coordinate system also known as universe or model coordinate system is the base reference for the overall model, all other models relate to. Local The local coordinate system relates specifically to a selected object when the object moves the local axis will move with is making it easier to animate. The local space has a completely separate xyz from the world/global xyz. Z-up Is one of the ground axis and is used to say how far a model is moved left or right depending on the number given. Y-up Is the up/elevation axis and is used to determined where a model is placed when moved either up or down depending on the number that is given. Evaluate the 3D coordinate system is extremely helpful as it gives us a visual reference on where an object/model would be in the 3d world. This allows us to position models exactly where we need them. Views of 3D models Explain There are two ways we can look at 3d models either perspective or orthographic, they are used to see the 3d model in either the view of the user (perspective) or as a flat 2d image (orthographic). Analyse Perspective Perspective is an approximate representation of an image as seen by the users eye, the most characteristic feature of perspective viewing are that objects appear smaller the further away as the distance from the object and observer increases. Orthographic Orthographic view has a fixed depth in which you cannot zoom in or out, and is used when checking if different models at different depths are the same size, this is done by making the models appear 2d. Evaluate both views have their advantages and disadvantages, where the perspective view can help you view the models/objects in a way that is natural to the human eye it doesnt help when youre trying to match the height of distant objects, whereas using the orthographic view allows you to see all objects as a 2D image allowing you to scale objects to the correct size. The Geometric Structure of Models Explain -ÂÂ   3D models are mathematical representations of an object, they can be compared to sculpting as a 3D artist would build or mold the object by taking into account all the sides and angles. The elements that make a 3D model consist of vertices, edges, faces and polygons, all of which can be manipulated individually in whichever software you choose such as blender, Maya or 3D studio Max. Analyse Vertex Vertices are the smallest point of a 3D model, they are made when two or more edges meet therefore corners of the polygons fuse together to make a vertex. The vertex is shared between all edges, faces and polygons and would affect all of these if the vertex is transformed. Edge The edge in a 3D model is a line which connects two vertices and borders faces and polygons, transforming these will affect all vertices faces and polygons which are connected to the edge. Polygon/face Face is a triangular surface connected by three surrounding edges and three corner vertices where as a polygon is an even four surface made up of four or more corners and two or more faces, high quality 3D characters are usually made of four sided polygons as ones with five or more sides can cause issues. Element the elements of a model are as follows tets, bricks, prisms, and pyramids these can be used to mesh any 3D model, with the 2D equivalents being triangular and quadrilateral elements. Surface normal modifying the orientation of surface normals affects the polygons appearance, when the surface normals are at right angles to a face light appears to bounce off the surface, this sharply defines the polygon face creating crisp edges, when set at different angles this allows light to roll off, which creates a smoother look. Evaluate knowing the structure of a model can help in deciding which shapes to start from and also to help manipulate the shape into the desired model/ object that you are looking for. The Structure of Different Polygons Explain There are three different ways of creating a mesh either using triangles quads or n-gons, tris and quads are more preferable than and n-gons are just avoided at all cost as they can cause issues. Analyse Triangles Triangles are a simple three sided polygon,made of three vertices connectingÂÂ   three edges, it is the smallest configuration needed to make a polygonal face. Also referred to as a tri. Quads Quads are the most desired type of polygon and most artist would use only quads as it makes their work more appealing to customers. They are made up of exactly four sides and four vertices, quads can also be referred to as quadrilateral polygons. N-gons N-gons are made up of more than four edges and vertices, n-gons can usually be divided into either quads or triangles or sometimes both which makes them easy to replace. They are usually avoided as they often create unwanted topology. Evaluate Using tris quads is very well sought after as theses are what computers can render them a lot faster especially quads, ngons on the other hand are usually avoided as they tend to cause distortion and deformation, tris can also cause this issue but not as much. Different methods of creating models Explain There are two different ways of creating models either with polygonal modeling or spline/curve based modeling, these are both used to create models with polygonal being the most used as it is more flexible but curve-based will make smoother curves. Analyse Polygonal modeling Polygons are created by using points in a 3d space called vertices, when they are connected together they form a mesh, which is used mainly for 3d models as they can easily be manipulated and rendered by computers quickly. On the downside they are planar and can only estimate a curved edge based on many polygons.ÂÂ   Spline/ curve-based modeling Curves are based off weighted control points, which when increased influences the curve closer to that point. The curve follows but does not always enter the points. Curve types include splines, nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS), patches and geometric primitives. Evaluate The different methods in modeling be it polygonal or curved based both have different advantages and uses depending on what is needed, polygonal modeling is best used for 3D models as they can be rendered quickly by computers but the downside is that they are planar and can only make rough curves. Curve Based on the other hand is best used in a situation where curves and edges must be as smooth as possible such as in engineering, although manipulating it can be a lot harder. Pivot points Explain Pivot points are used to represent the location of a model in space, they are also used to control how models rotate and scale and move. All changes to a model are relative to the pivot point. Analyse -ÂÂ   Move moves the pivot point bringing the object that is connected to the pivot point with it. Scale increases or decreases the size of the object from the point of the pivot origin. Rotation rotates the object/model around the pivot point depending on the postion of the pivot point. Evaluate Having a movable pivot point is advantageous as it allows the object to be moved, rotated and scaled from different points allowing you to manipulate the object in many ways. UV coordinates Explain Are 2D coordinates used on a 3D model and are basically a textures x and y coordinates which always range from 0 to 1. With the V value going from bottom left to top left and the U value going from bottom left to bottom right, each vertex will have a uv coordinate value. Analyse -ÂÂ   UV mapping is usually done by unfolding a model, a pyramid for example, at the seams laying the model image onto a flat page once unwrapped the artist can then paint a texture onto each side triangle individually. Evaluate Allows for more detailed texturing and painting on 3D models by assigning pixels in the image to surface mappings on the polygon, this can then be easily exported to other 3d programs and then further adjusted. Mapping methods Explain -ÂÂ   Mapping methods are ways in which textures are applied to different models and objects, they are mainly used to quickly apply a texture to different shaped models depending on what the model shape is as some work better than others. Analyse Planar planar is used to apply a texture onto a flat model such as basic terrain and walls, when trying to place a texture on an uneven or complex surface it can often stretch and distort polygons that are not facing the projected map directly. http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/130484/uv_mapping_tips_and_tricks.php Box box mapping is done by placing a texture onto a model from six different sides, which is mainly used when you need quick mapping for less important of a model, and also used on technical or architectural objects. It is however not as useful for texturing more natural models where more accurate mapping is required. http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/130484/uv_mapping_tips_and_tricks.php Cylinder Cylindrical mapping is used for mapping more cylindrical models such as arms, cans and trees, it is one of the most used type of mapping but still needs tweaking afterwards in the uv editor. http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/130484/uv_mapping_tips_and_tricks.php Spherical Spherical mapping is mainly used to map out asteroids and planets, one downside is that it causes pixels to compact at the poles of the sphere. It can be used to block out mapping on human heads but loses its usefulness on models with multiple overlapping parts. Requires significant work afterwards. http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/130484/uv_mapping_tips_and_tricks.php Unwrapping unwrapping is done by creating uv coordinates which is generated for each vertex. One way is for the 3d modeler to unfold the mesh at the seams laying the model on a flat page, once unwrapped you can then paint a texture on each individual polygon. Pelt pelt mapping is used to map more natural models like animals and characters, pelt mapping allows you to pull a detailed uvw map flat allowing you to make a more accurate shape of the model which makes it easier to produce a more convincing texture. Evaluate Most mapping methods are extremely useful as they allow you to map a texture onto the different surfaces of a model as there are multiple choices to pick from there is usually one to fit the model you are working on, theses can save a great deal of time by quickly mapping the texture onto oddly shaped models which would be time consuming otherwise. The materials used on 3D models. Explain Adding textures to models is a lot more than just adding colours, you are also able to use different techniques and mpas to add more detail to the model letting you add effects such as shadows textures height etc. Analyse Base Colour, Albedo, Diffuse -ÂÂ   is the most common texture map, it specifies the pattern and colour of the object. It basically paints an image onto the surface. Normal Maps a normal map is a map which defines the direction your geometry normals are facing, with this info you can create a fakeÂÂ   the illusion of height to how the model is affected by light. Height Maps / Displacement Maps displacement maps are used when you need to add more detail to affect your model, this is a very powerful option as it actually affects the geometry.ÂÂ   Ambient Occlusion The occlusion map is used to define the areas of a model which should receive low or high indirect lighting. It is a grayscale image with white marking areas which should get full indirect light, and black for areas receiving no indirect light. An example would be a stone wall texture which is uneven. Specular Maps Specular mapping is used to define how well an area reflects light, the colour and bumpiness may be the same but using either dark or light tones you are able to change how reflective the surface is. An example would be a characters eyes compared to the skin or how a material reacts when wet or dry. Lightmaps are data structures used in light mapping, it works by pre-calculating the brightness of a surface and storing it in texture maps for later use. They are more used on static items so as the light does not need to be recalculated every frame. Evaluate using these can be extremely helpful in creating the models you desire without having to form the whole thing as some can help create the effects of textures, shadows height, and even make them seem more detailed which saves you adding more polygons to a model and increasing the count. http://blog.digitaltutors.com/understanding-difference-texture-maps/ The creation and use of convex collision hulls. Explain A convex collision hull is a simplified low poly count meshes that encases more complex objects, this is used to determine where a collision will occur on the object as well as other physic based interactions. Analyse It is an invisible mesh that stops the player and other models falling through each other, this can be costly on the graphics and processor power as the model triangles have to be calculated twice, once for the 3d model and once for the mesh collider. Each object must have a collision shape. Simpler shapes such as boxes, spheres and capsules are used as they are much faster to test but are less precise. Evaluate the collision hull helps make objects and models seem more to life by not letting you fall through walls and floors but can also affect how some objects are effected depending on how simple or complex the hull is compared to the model it is covering. Level of detail models (LODs) Explain LODs or level of detail are used to help render times by reducing the amount of polygons that show on models which are further away from the character, this is used to help rendering times and helps performance. Analyse LODs limit the amount of polygons on a model to help reduce rendering times whenever the character is at a distance, this helps keep focus on the immediate area and less at background scenery. Evaluate LODs can help increase frame render time by reducing the amount of polygons and detail that is on screen at any one time by determining whats more important or whats being focused on more and only giving that the proper amount of detail. Although this can help render time it may also cause some lag or drop in frames when too much detail is trying to load in at once. Vertex colour information Explain Vertex colour is a RGBA value that is traditionally used to add diffuse or emissive colour to the geometry of the model, this can be added to any vertex on the model. With more powerful games engines this can be used to do amazing things. Analyse Vertex colouring is used to colour foliage animations, baking inexpensive AO and lighting info, it can also be used to blend different materials on terrain or other meshes, but can be used for a lot more things Evaluate Vertex coloring can be used easily as it requires no UVs, although it is geometry dependant and not suited for high detail. Model constraints Explain When creating content such as 3D art for games and other real time applications there is constrictions which need to be applied to help increase performance and reduce render time. These constraints include polygon count, texture size and file size. Analyse Polygon Count The constraint on polygons count is that the more polygons or faces that appear within the render view the longer it takes for the frame to render, this limits polygons count to help with rendering time. This applies to games as well as non real time animations or special effects, this is all linked to the hardware available. Texture size textures need to be done effectively as the bigger and more complex the texture the longer the game will take to load it, this can cause the textures to take time to render and ruin the experience of the player. File Size The two main constraints that file size has is that 3D graphics need to be stored somewhere, either on disc a hard drive or in the cloud waiting for digital download. For this reason file size needs to be efficient to make sure they fit onto the the media that they are designed for, if the 3D art is too large for one disc it must be split onto two or more discs or may require an extremely long time to download especially for those with slow internet speeds. Evaluate Model constraints help with loading and rendering times by limiting the amount polygons and textures the artist is allowed to use, although this seems bad if there was no constraints the game would not load well and have constant drops with the frame rate, the downside to this is that the game will unfortunately not have everything that the developers wanted as some things may need to be cut due to file size restrictions. Topic 2 Uses of 3D models Decorative meshes Explain Decorative meshes are used to decorate a blank 3D world and make it more interesting, theses decorative meshes can range from indoor items such as chairs tables etc, to outdoor objects such as cars, trees and wells for example. Decorative meshes also help to make the 3D world seem a lot more interesting and also help make itÂÂ   more true to life and improve the players experience. Analyse these consist of multiple objects such as cars, trees, bushes etc which is placed around the 3D world so as its not blank and more interesting. Evaluate The advantage of using decorative meshes is that it increases the realism of the world theyre placed, they also improve the players experience as they are not walking around a bland world. Environment meshes Explain Environments are what a 3D world is made from, every environment also needs to be filled with 3D meshes, a balance of quantity and quality must be found as this needs to be as good looking as possible but also needs to be done efficiently. Analyse Environment meshes are used to create the 3D worlds invitroment, be in be buildings or other structures, this needs to be able to be done effectively and quickly as its a main part of the world but not all the focus will be on it. Evaluate Allows for a more immersive world as it adds character to the area and can also set the mood depending on the art style used. Modular meshes Explain Modular meshes for 3D environments are used to create fast environments using small tiling models and maximum flexibility, to make this as effective as possible you should first make sure that the grid for the 3D package is the exact same as the grid that the engine youre going to make the model for. Modular meshes can be reused to save time on developing multiple models. Analyse modular meshes can be made into kits, for example piping for walls, so that the developers and artists can reuse them to speed up the process without putting in as much work for areas that require less attention. Evaluate the advantage of using modular meshes are that you are able to quickly create game environments with maximum flexibility to change when needed, they are also reusable meaning you can keep a certain art style no matter the size. The downside to this is that the reused art style can quickly become repetitive. Meshes used for non-skeletal animation Explain Games can have a number of models which can be used for non skeletal animation these tend to be models which are not rigged (i.e with a skeleton) examples of these can be doors, boxes with lids that open, shop signs and even platforms can be animated to move. Analyse non skeletal animation works by the object or model not having a rigged skeleton allowing it to move or swing freely, for example a door may swing on its hinge, to create this the pivot point of the door must be placed at the point in which you want the door to swing. Evaluate the advantages of non skeletal animation are that it allows the game world to flow more freely using swinging doors, and makes the game seem more life like having signs and lids able to open. Skyboxes and skydomes Explain A skybox is made from a cube with six images that inclose the player, they can also be known as environment maps. The player is placed in the middle of the box so that no matter which way they look they just see different parts of the box. The game engine makes sure that whichever part of the box is visible to the player the proper pixels are shown. Sky domes work in similar ways but is a 3D sphere or hemisphere, and can be animated to improve realism. Both the skybox and skydome usually has a texture of the sky on it depending on the game and whats needed. Analyse skyboxes are simple cubes which consist of fewer polygons than the skydome, no matter where the player is they will always see the relevant part of the skybox. Skydomes are more detailed as they contain more polygons and allow the maker to animate it to improve the realism of the 3D world. Evaluate the advantage of using a skybox is that it uses up less polygons and if easier to texture, although it does not look as good as a skydome. The skydome on the other hand allows you to use vertex colour you adjust the hue in a smoother way, this allows you to animate the sky depending on the time of day. Rigid bodies Explain Rigid bodies allow your models and objects to act under the control of physics, the rigid body can be given forces and torque to make it move in a more realistic way. Any objects you wish to be influenced by physics or other added forces must have a rigidbody.ÂÂ   Analyse rigid bodies can be affected by different physics such as: Mass This determines the weight of the object usually in kilograms by default Drag Drag determines how air resistance affects the object while moving (from 0 air resistance to infinity meaning it stops immediately) Gravity Determines if the object is affected by gravity if dropped for example. Evaluate Rigid bodies are extremely useful when wanting to make a game which either has real to life physics or if you want to make the game with wacky physics as you are able to mess with the properties of each. Fracture/breakable meshes Explain Fracture or breakable meshes are used to make in game objects breakable for example doors, walls and in some cases building can also be destroyed, this can help the game feel more realistic as it adds real world physics to the game, it can also add new things for players to try out and in general make the game more fun. This can be broken down into more points such as chunk count and modify points. Analyse Chunk count determines how many chunks the tool will cut the original mesh into, a large amount of pieces means theres more triangles in the final object and more pieces that will be left behind after. A smaller amount means there are fewer triangles and less pieces after the object is destroyed. The modify points tool can be used to move the selected or all the chunk origins towards the bounds of the object or perturb some or all of the chunks in the slice pattern moving the pieces towards the bounds is useful as it helps avoid chunks being discarded because they dont slice the surface of the mesh. Evaluate -ÂÂ   Breakable meshes are used to help make games more realistic by letting you destroy some of the environment or some objects/models like you could in a real world situation. This however can have drawbacks on render time and frames as it requires more polygons to make the broken pieces. References () 3D Modeling: Creating 3D Objects, Available at: https://www.sculpteo.com/en/glossary/3d-modeling-definition/(Accessed: 6th October 2016). () Collision Meshes Game Models, Available at: http://www.katsbits.com/tutorials/blender/collision-models.php(Accessed: 8th October 2016). () Fractured Static Meshes, Available at: https://udn.epicgames.com/Three/FractureTool.html (Accessed: 4th October 2016). () Rigidbody, Available at: https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/class-Rigidbody.html (Accessed: 11th October 2016). (2014) 3D Constraints, Available at: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cJlmKMQXiCHPX1zRKV3K1biO4EwH13_WOIt_8BJ7K6g/edit#(Accessed: 16th October 2016). (2014) The pivot point, Available at: https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/maya/learn-explore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2015/ENU/Maya/files/Transforming-objects-The-pivot-point-htm.html (Accessed: 10th October 2016). (2016) 3-D Coordinate Systems, Available at: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb324490(v=vs.85).aspx (Accessed: 2nd October 2016). (2016) 3D coordinates, Available at: https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/maya/learn-explore/caas/CloudHelp/cloudhelp/2016/ENU/Maya/files/GUID-FDC58F4E-63B9-4012-B232-5F2FBAC5EAC9-htm.html?v=2016(Accessed: 4th October 2016). (2016) Level of Detail, Available at: https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/LevelOfDetail.html (Accessed: 14th October 2016). (2016) Perspective (graphical), Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthographic_projection (Accessed: 3rd October 2016). (2016) Perspective (graphical), Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspective_(graphical) (Accessed: 3rd October 2016). (2016) UNDERSTANDING UV MAPPING, Available at: http://www.steves-digicams.com/knowledge-center/how-tos/video-software/understanding-uv-mapping.html#b (Accessed: 6th October 2016). Banninga, R (2004) UV Mapping Tips And Tricks, Available at: http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/130484/uv_mapping_tips_and_tricks.php(Accessed: 14th October 2016). Bell, G () Creating Backgrounds for 3D Games, Available at: http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/131701/creating_backgrounds_for_3d_games.php?print=1 (Accessed: 10th October 2016). Cahill, P (2016) 3D Modelling Basics Terminology3D, Available at: http://www.onlinedesignteacher.com/2014/07/3d-modelling-basics_33.html (Accessed: 6th October). Cole, T.B (2015) VERTEX COLOUR, Available at: http://www.timbencole.com/vertexcolour (Accessed: 11th October 2016). Dennis (2007) UV coordinate basics, Available at: http://www.rozengain.com/blog/2007/08/26/uv-coordinate-

In The Gate to Womens Country Essay -- Gender Equality Feminism Essays

In The Gate to Womens Country Evolutionary gender determinism proves that men and women are different, not only in a physical way, but in a psychological way as well. As far as history can determine, men were always the hunters who were dominant and competitive. On the other hand, women were known as the gathers, who were cooperative and capable of doing several things at a time. Since men and women are different in their make up. It is a struggle for the two genders to live together and maintain equality and harmony without one gender dominating over the other. In The Gate to Womens Country, Sheri Tepper brings forth a solution that allows the two genders to coincide with each other. She gives a somewhat feminist view in her novel, which takes place some three hundred years into the future. She paints a picture stating that total control and dominance by men would wipe out the world. In order for all mankind to survive, the women and a few select men were forced to come together and make decisions that would cha nge things forever. This novel is filled with situations where each gender takes advantage of the opposite and uses them to profit their own society; however, each gender not only took advantage of the opposite gender, but often their own gender as well. This novel is based around two societies, one of which is governed by women and the other consists of male warriors. Womens Country is a community where women live in a city bordered by block walls. They live in this city with their children and servitors. Servitors are men who decided to live in the Womens Country instead of living in the garrisons with the other men. The women handled everything in these cities and made up the entire city council. This country t... ...n had to give up children that did not even belong to their men. The men were also guilty of using each other for personal gain. The men in the garrisons used the servitors to show off and promote their manliness. In turn, the servitors used the garrisons in the worst way. Not only did the warriors protect them but gave the servitors a chance at spreading their genes. The ultimate goal of these men. This novel revolves around the purpose of people using one another to get what they want. The citizens of Womens Country took advantage of the garrisons and the number of returning men proves their success. Like in most cases, people need others to succeed. John Donne stated that no man is an island and this applies to the Gate to Womens Country. The success of Womens Country is a result of taking advantage of their citizens and of the garrisons, to make a comeback.

Imperialists Climate after the Civil War :: essays research papers

At the end of the nineteenth century, the United States emerged as a world power. Although Congress was reluctant to endorse expansionist schemes, during the end of the nineteenth century many others had become convinced that the United States had to adopt a more aggressive and forceful foreign policy. Some believed expansion would be good for American business. Others felt America had a duty to spread its way of life to less fortunate countries. Behind all the arguments, however; the United States was a great and important country, and it should start acting the part.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With America’s Navy rebuilt there was an emergence of aggression in foreign policy. The two developments originated from the same source: a ready acceptance of force as the final authority of international disputes. That acceptance of force led to the Spanish-American War of 1898. Those same attitudes, during the presidencies of B. Harrison and G. Cleveland between 1885 and 1897, almost caused several other wars. America’s attitudes changed toward foreign policy first with their relationship to Samoa, a group of 14 South Pacific volcanic islands with splendid natural harbors. American negotiated a treaty with a tribal chief to grant the United States rights to a naval station. Unfortunately, Germany had also decided that Samoa should belong to them. Through some conferences and a natural typhoon that wiped both Germany and United States out of the Pacific they finally came to an agreement without going to war. American troubles were a little different with Chile. Trade and strategic policy were not the reasons for interfering with Chile, but more of touchy pride and patriotism. A revolutionary faction had taken control of the Chilean government. During that time some US sailors were docked in their country. A riot had broken out and some sailors got hurt and a couple even got killed. What made matters worse was that the Chilean police, who were there, did not intervene. However, they took the sailors away to jail. The Americans sought for reparations for the insult and Chile refused to apologize. After threatening them to go to war, they finally decided to back down, by apologizing for the attack on the sailors and paying $75,000 compensation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hawaii figured prominently in American foreign policy planning by its location. Not only were they ideally situated along the trade routes to Asia, but they offered a perfect site for protecting the Pacific sea lanes to the American west coast and to the potential locations of a cape canal.